中文摘要：

提出对遗传算法进行改进,通过复制、交换、倒位及交叉突变4个遗传操作实现目标的最优化,其遗传编码采用1,2,…,m表示（m为造林树种数）,进一步建立工业原料林基地建设在资金、计划、苗木品种和数量等约束条件下造林技术设计最优方案的数学模型和具体解法。将改进遗传算法应用于福建省永安林业（集团）有限公司50个造林小班的造林技术设计,基于杉木、马尾松和桉树工业原料林地位指数及生长模型,在采用改进的遗传算法优化造林技术设计获得最优组合方案下,杉木造林129.66hm^2,苗木需要45.490万株,20年累计木材收获可达2.010万m^3;桉树造林80.04hm^2,苗木需求为14.999万株,7年累计收获木材1.444万m^3,3茬桉树木材收获达4.332万m^3;马尾松造林61.83hm^2,需要苗木27.672万株,20年时累计木材收获为0.733万m^3;工业原料林基地造林设计总面积为271.53hm^2,总投资为144.8284万元,最优造林技术设计方案下可望在20年时获得4152.78万元经济收益,达到预期效果,多树种造林技术设计方法可在生产实践中推广应用。

英文摘要：

Although intellectualized afforestation design is the important technical guarantee in efficient culture of industrial plantation,appropriate methods are still lacking in multi-species afforestation. Genetic algorithm presents the intellectualized characteristics in two-species afforestation due to the use of 0 - 1 coding. An improvement of genetic algorithm was put forward in this paper,which optimized the objects by four genetic manipulations of copy,exchange, inversion and cross mutation with its genetic coding expressing as 1,2,…,m （numbers of tree species）. In the aspects of funds,plans,seedling varieties and numbers,the mathematical model and precise solution of optimal afforestation technique were established in industrial plantation construction. The improved genetic algorithm was applied in the afforestation technical design of 50 sub-compartments of Fujian Yongan Forestry （Group） Joint-Stock Co. ,Ltd. Based on the site index and growth model of industrial plantation of Cunninghamia lanceolata,Pinus massoniana and Eucalyptus spp,the optimal design was achieved by the application of improved genetic algorithm. For 129. 66 hm^2 of C. lanceolata afforestation,454 900 seedlings were needed and the cumulative timber yield would reach 20 100 m^3 in twenty years; for 80. 04 hm^2 of Eucalyptus spp. afforestation,149 990 seedlings were needed and the cumulative timber yield would reach 14 440 m^3 in seven years,three-batch timber yield would reach 43 320 m^3 after 20 years; for 61. 83 hm^2 of P. massoniana afforestation,276 720 seedlings were needed and the cumulative timber yield would reach 7 330 m^3 in twenty years. Guided by the optimal afforestation technical design,the total afforestation area of industrial plantation reached 271. 53 hm^2 ,total investment reached 1. 448 284 million and total profits would reach 41. 527 8 million after 20 years. The expected effect was obtained and therefore multi-species afforestation technique could be applied and promoted in forestry practice.