中文摘要：

作为一种古老而经典的弱力检测工具,扭秤凭借其超高的灵敏度在精密测量领域得到了持续而广泛的应用.本文描述了扭秤的基本工作原理,分析了限制扭秤实验精度的基本因素,在此基础上重点介绍了华中科技大学引力中心实验小组采用扭秤技术在精密测量物理领域的实际应用,如基于扭秤周期法的万有引力常数G的精确测量,基于扭秤双频调制的近距离牛顿反平方定律实验检验,以及基于旋转扭秤调制的光子静止质量实验检验等.

英文摘要：

As an old and classical scientific instrument, the torsion balance was widely used in the field of precision measurement and fundamental physical experiments because of its extremely high sensitivity. In this paper, we briefly describe the basic principle of the torsion balance and the essential properties determining the accuracy of a torsion balancey experiment, and then introduce its typical applications at our laboratory, such as precision measurement of the gravitational constant G by the time-of-swing method, testing of the Newtonian gravitational inverse square law at short ranges by the dual-frequency modulation method, and measuring the upper limit on the photon mass by a rotating torsion balance.