中文摘要：

从资源平衡关系入手，定量计算了天然状态下内蒙古的水土资源平衡，揭示了内蒙古自然降水与作物水分需求的平衡关系；采用负载指数与承载力模型，计算了内蒙古的水资源利用潜力与承载能力，揭示了调控下内蒙古水资源支撑能力和保证程度。结果表明：内蒙古高原气候干旱，水分亏缺是自然降水条件下水土资源平衡的主要特征；内蒙古水资源承载力有限，当人均综合用水量达到较高水平时，平水年全区承载力接近超载临界值，偏枯水年全区水资源超载严重；内蒙古水资源承载能力盟市差异显著，水资源普遍短缺是区域人口发展的限制性特征。

英文摘要：

Based on the situation of water resources security and regional sustainable development, this research attempts to study systematically the issues of water and land balance and population carrying capacity of water resource in Inner Mongolia by applying a model of water resources. From the aspect of resource balance, this paper firstly calculates the water balance within Inner Mongolia and illustrates the relationship between precipitation and water demand of crops within it. With the load index and carrying capacity model, this paper then calculates the potential capacity and carrying capacity of water resource and depicts the sustaining ability and guarantee level of water resource within Inner Mongolia under the interference of human being. The results show that （ 1 ） the climate of Inner Mongolia is dry and water deficit is the major character of water balance in it under natural precipitation condition; （2） The deficit of water is greater in northwest than that in southeast areas along the Daxingan Mountains, Yin Mountain and Helan Mountain; （3） The population carrying capacity of water resources is limited in Inner Mongolia. when the water demand per capita reaches to the ＂better-off＂ life standard, in the years of normal precipitation, the water resources carrying capacity is just equal to the present population, while in drought years, the carrying capacity is far less than the population in 2005 year, and water deficit is the main restrictive factor in Inner Mongolia; （4） The carrying capacity of water resource is different among cities within Inner Mongolia and water deficit is the main restriction factor for the population development within it. Specifically, the water resource is relatively plentiful in east Inner Mongolia, where the stress for water carrying capacity is light, while in central and west Inner Mongolia the water resource is heavily over-loading.