中文摘要：

硬质合金是由难熔金属化合物和粘结相通过粉末冶金工艺制成的材料,它具有硬度高、耐磨、强度和韧性好、耐热、耐腐蚀等一系列优良性能。介绍了包含C-Co-Cr-W-Ta-Ti-Nb-N等元素的硬质合金热力学和动力学数据库。简述了热力学数据库中的热力学模型和优化计算,并以C-Cr-Ta三元系为例介绍了热力学优化计算的方法和步骤。所建立的硬质合金动力学数据库包含液相和fcc相不同元素的原子迁移参数。利用修正的Sutherland方程对液相的原子迁移参数进行了评估,而fcc相原子迁移参数是基于对实验测定数据和文献数据的评估获得的。利用建立的硬质合金热力学和动力学数据库,可以计算多元系的相平衡、获取不同相的热力学性质和溶解度信息、模拟合金中元素和相的分布等。该数据库可用于设计合金成分和烧结温度、预测元素含量及烧结气氛等对梯度硬质合金形成的影响、优化合金烧结工艺等。最后指出相图热力学和扩散动力学数据库及热物性数据库结合相场、有限元方法,定量描述硬质合金结构-性能的关系是今后的发展趋势。

英文摘要：

Based on the three common bacteria in soil-air-the human body for the study, by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography （RP-HPLC） for the main components of three bacterial extracellular amino qualitative and quantitative analysis, the authors investigated the effects of common bacterial extracelhilar amino acids of surface properties of atmospheric inhaled fine mineral particles-calcite. The results showed that the main amino acid components of three strains of bacteria, including histidine, arginine, tyrosine and cystine; and these amino acids have different degrees on calcite dissolution, depending on the function of amino acids, the molecular structure and the amount added. The effect of three strains of common bacteria to calcite is Staphylococcus aureus〉 E.coli〉 Silicate bacteria. We can infer calcite fine particulate matter migrate from the soil into the air, and then migrate to the body, the toxicity in turn weaken, which is important for the establishment of the inhaled fine particles of mineral environmental and health impact assessment system.