在10~290 K范围内测量了不同纳米粘土含量的尼龙6/蒙脱土纳米复合材料中的正电子湮没寿命谱.实验结果发现,在所有样品中,正电子素(otho-positron, o-Ps)的湮没寿命均随温度的升高而增加.在不同的温区段,o-Ps湮没寿命随温度变化的斜率不同,据此确定了尼龙6/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的两个次级松弛转变温度Tβ和Tγ,这是其他实验方法难以测量的.此外还发现,这种次级松弛转变温度随纳米蒙脱土含量的增加而增加.这表明,无机纳米相和聚合物基体间存在较强的界面相互作用,致使聚合物链段的运动受阻.正电子湮没寿命的连续谱分析还表明,纳米粘土的含量和温度对自由体积分布有重要影响.一个十分有趣的现象被发现--270 K时,在纳米复合材料中o-Ps湮没寿命的分布均裂变为双峰,而在纯尼龙6样品中没有观察到这种峰的裂变.这表明,纳米粘土的加入改变了纳米复合材料中有序区域内链段的堆积密度.
Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) was used to investigate the free volume properties of PA6/clay nanocomposites in the temperature range from 10 K to 290 K below their glass transitions. According to the variations of positronium annihilation lifetimes as a function of temperature, two secondary transition temperatures Tβ and Tγ could be identified. On the other hand, the effects of temperature and the content of nano clay on the free volume distribution have been discussed.