中文摘要：

【目的】蝎蛉科（Panorpidae）是长翅目（Mecoptera）最大的科,是重要的生态指示昆虫。然而,由于对环境条件要求苛刻,饲养困难,其幼期研究很不充分。【方法】本研究通过人工饲养成虫获得了长蝎蛉Panorpa macrostyla Hua的卵、幼虫和蛹等全部虫态,运用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微技术观察了其超微形态,并简要记载了其生物学特性。【结果】长蝎蛉每年发生1代,成虫发生于6月末至8月初。卵椭球形,卵壳表面覆盖一层隆起的网状结构。幼虫蠋型,具3对分4节的胸足和8对不分节的腹足;头壳高度骨化,具1对由26个小眼组成的复眼和1对3节的触角,口器咀嚼式;腹部第1-9节背面具有成对的背毛突,第10节仅有1根背毛突,腹部末端具有一个可伸缩的吸盘;呼吸系统为周气门式,具1对前胸气门和8对腹气门。幼虫共4个龄期,以预蛹期在土室内越冬。蛹为强颚离蛹,外形接近成虫,雄蛹腹部末端膨大。【结论】基于幼虫形态特征,长蝎蛉明显区别于新蝎蛉属Neopanorpa、华蝎蛉属Sinopanorpa、双角蝎蛉属Dicerapanorpa以及单角蝎蛉属Cerapanorpa幼虫。然而,长蝎蛉幼虫头部刚毛L2和SO2,腹部末节刚毛D2,SD1和SD2端部均膨大呈棒状,与蝎蛉属Panorpa其他种类区别明显,表明长蝎蛉的属级地位需要进一步研究。

英文摘要：

【Aim】Panorpidae,the largest family of Mecoptera,are important ecological indicators for environments. The immature stages of Panorpidae,however,are insufficiently studied so far mainly due to their strict ecological requirements and rearing difficulties. 【Methods】The immature stages（ including egg,larva, and pupa） of the scorpionfly Panorpa macrostyla Hua were studied biologically and morphologically using light and scanning electron microscopy. 【Results】P. macrostyla is a univoltine insect,completing one generation per year. The adults appear from late June to early August. The egg is ellipsoid,with a raised reticulation on the chorion. The larva is eruciform,with three pairs of foursegmented thoracic legs and eight pairs of unsegmented prolegs. The larval head is strongly sclerotized,bearing a pair of compound eyes each comprising 26 ommatidia,a pair of 3-segmented antennae,and the mandibulate mouthparts. The larval trunk is cylindrical,bearing nine pairs of dorsal processes on the first nine abdominal segments and a single dorsal process on the tenth abdominal segment. A protrusible sucker is present on the terminal abdominal segment. The larval respiratory system is of the peripneustic type,having a pair of prothoracic and eight pairs of abdominal spiracles. The larval stage consists of four instars,and overwinters as prepupal stage within a pupal cavity in the soil. The pupa is exarate and decticous,morphologically similar to the adult. The male pupa has enlarged genital bulb on its caudal end. 【Conclusion】The larvae of P. macrostyla are morphologically different from those of Neopanorpa,Sinopanorpa,Dicerapanorpa,and Cerapanorpa. However,P. macrostyla larvae differ from its congeners by the apical-expanded setae of L2 and SO2 on the head capsule,and D2,SD1,SD2 on the caudal segment,implying that the generic status of P. macrostyla needs further research.