中文摘要：

为明确完全不透性膜（totally impermeable film,TIF）对熏蒸剂在田间应用时散发和残留的影响,采用静态散发箱技术测定了TIF与聚乙烯膜（polythene film,PE）对氯化苦、1,3-二氯丙烯（1,3-dichloropropene,1,3-D）和棉隆施用后所产生的异硫氰酸甲酯（methyl isothiocyanate,MITC）大气散发的控制效果,并应用气相色谱法检测了揭膜后3种熏蒸剂在土壤中的残留情况。结果表明,在20 g/m~2（棉隆为15 g/m~2）剂量下,氯化苦、1,3-D及MITC透过PE的累积散发率为施用量的6.42%、7.37%和22.27%,透过TIF的累积散发率为施用量的0、0.65%和2.05%,表明TIF极大地降低了熏蒸剂向大气的散发量,可有效控制熏蒸剂向大气扩散。揭膜后氯化苦及1,3-D在各处理土壤中的残留量均低于0.30 mg/kg,说明TIF没有增加土壤中氯化苦和1,3-D的残留量;但MITC（15 g/m~2）在TIF下10~20 cm土壤中的残留量在3.28~3.41 mg/kg之间,高于在PE下的残留量（0.46~0.47 mg/kg）,表明TIF能提高MITC在土壤中的持效浓度。

英文摘要：

In order to clarify the influences of totally impermeable film（TIF） to emission and residual of fumigant during field application,the static emission box was used to determine the controlling effects of TIF and polythene film（PE） to emissions of chloropicrin（CP）,1,3-dichloropropene（1,3-D） and methyl isothiocyanate（MITC）,which was a degradation product for dazomet,and detect the residuals of those fumigants in soil after film-cutting by gas chromatography.In application dose of 20 g/m~2（15 g/m~2for dazomet）,the cumulative emissions rate of CP,1,3-D and MITC in PE treatments were 6.42%,7.37%and 22.27%,and in TIF treatments were 0,0.65%and 2.05%,respectively.Compared to PE,TIF largely reduced the emission amount of fumigants and controlled effectively the spread of fumigants.After cutting-film,the residues of CP and 1,3-D were lower than 0.30 mg/kg,showing that TIF did not increase the residuals of CP and 1,3-D.However,the residues of MITC（15 g/m） for TIF treatments were between 3.28 mg/kg and 3.41 mg/kg,which were obviously higher than PE treatments（0.46-0.47 mg/kg）,showing that TIF increased the concentration of MITC in soil.