中文摘要：

HCV感染是严重的全球公共卫生问题。尽管新一代直接抗HCV药物上市后，丙型肝炎的治愈率显著提高，但一种能有效预防HCV感染的疫苗对于最终消灭丙型肝炎依然非常重要。此文对制约丙型肝炎疫苗研究的因素进行了分析，并对进入临床试验的主要疫苗的类型、特征进行概述。

英文摘要：

Hepatitis C virus （HCV） infection is a serious public health problem throughout the world. Although the new direct anti-HCV agents （DAA） significantly increased the cure rate of hepatitis C, an effective prophylactic vaccine is still the most important means to eventually eliminate hepatitis C globally. This paper analyzes the factors that have limited the research and development of hepatitis C vaccine, and summarizes the characteristics of main vaccines that have entered clinical trials.