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中文摘要：
以城鸡线2K＋614m桥5号桥墩为研究对象，通过挖开桥墩基础周围覆盖层土体的不同厚度模拟基础受冲刷程度，运用冲击振动试验法进行桥墩自振特性测试，分析桥梁基础受冲刷对桥墩自振特性的影响。结果表明：桥墩基础周围覆盖土层厚度的减少会降低桥墩的自振频率，并使桥墩的刚体摆动趋势增强；减少的土体越靠近地面对桥墩自振频率的影响越大。采用弹性系数模拟桥墩基础周围土体对桥墩的约束，建立有限元模型，并通过改变弹性系数值模拟覆盖土层厚度变化对基础的约束影响，分析基础在不同冲刷程度下桥墩自振特性的变化规律。用有限元法、能量法和回归法分析覆盖土层厚度变化对桥墩自振特性影响的结果与实测结果的比较表明：有限元法比能量法和回归法能更好地预测基础受冲刷对桥墩自振特性的影响。
英文摘要：
In order to analyze the natural vibration characteristics change of the pier when the bridge foundation was scoured, the 5th pier of the 2K＋614 m bridge on the Xiachengzi-Jixi Railway was tested by the impact vibration test method （IVTM）, and the scouring effects on the pier were simulated by excavating different depths of the covering subsoil around the pier. Test analysis shows that the natural vibration frequency of the pier decreases and the rigid body swing characteristics of the pier strengthen with the decrease of the covering subsoil depth around the pier, and the decrease of the soil body near land surface is more effective to the natural vibration frequency of the pier. The finite element model is presented by simulating the constraints of the subsoil around the pier with elastic coefficients. The effect of the covering subsoil depths on the constraints of the subsoil around the pier can be described by adjusting the elastic coefficients. The results can be obtained from the finite element model, energy method, and regression method by comparing with the measured results. It shows that the finite element model can better forecast the effect on the natural vibration characteristics under the pier scouring than the other two methods.
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