中文摘要：

目的：研究长期生活在不同污染程度地区的成人呼吸系统症状发生率之间的差异,以便为将来开展更为深入、广泛的调查研究提供基础数据。方法：于2008年10月,在北京市选取污染程度相对严重的某城区和相对洁净的某郊区为研究地点,采用整群抽样的方法,分别选择4所和3所小学的学生家长为研究对象（共计9 052名成人）,使用国际标准化问卷对成人呼吸系统症状的发生情况进行调查。通过环境状况公报、环境保护局和统计年鉴等了解研究该地区近5年的大气污染物浓度数据。采用卡方检验分析城、郊区成人（居住时间2年及以上）呼吸系统症状发生率和年龄标准化发生率之间的差异。结果：与郊区相比,城区成人的持续性咳痰（3.06%vs.2.43%,P〈0.05）和哮喘样症状（0.65%vs.0.31%,P〈0.01）的年龄标准化发生率相对较高,而气短的年龄标准化发生率则相对较低（0.75%vs.1.12%,P〈0.05）,其他呼吸系统症状的发生率在两区之间的差异不具有统计学意义。结论：本研究提示大气污染物对成人呼吸系统症状的发生存在一定的长期效应,其具体作用特征有待进一步研究。

英文摘要：

Objective：To investigate the long-term effects of air pollution on prevalence of respiratory symptoms in adults,in Beijing.Methods：A corss-sectional study was conducted in an urban area and a suburban area with different levels of air pollution in October 2008,in Beijing.Respiratory symptoms were investigated by a standard questionnaire from the American Thoracic Society（ATS-DLD-78-A） in 9 052 adults who had lived there for at least two years.The concentrations of air pollutants for recent five years were obtained from Reports on the Quality of the Beijing Environment,Environmental Protection Bureau and Statistics Yearbook.The differences of the prevalence and standardized prevalence of respiratory symptoms in adults between the urban and suburban areas were analyzed by χ2 test.Results：The standardized prevalences of persistent phlegm and asthma in urban adults were significantly higher than those in suburban adults [（3.06% vs.2.43%,P〈0.05） and（0.65% vs.0.31%,P〈0.01）,respectively],but lower than that of the breathless（0.75% vs.1.12%,P〈0.05）.Conclusion：The study suggested that ambient air pollution had long-term effects on the prevalence of some respiratory symptoms in adults.