中文摘要：

为了解小麦小花发育成粒特性与同化物分配间的关系,以大穗型品种周麦16和多穗型品种豫麦49-198为材料,分析了两种穗型小麦小花发育成粒特性及同化物分配的差异。结果表明,周麦16的小花退化、败育速率较豫麦49-198缓慢,且在小穗结实率、小花结实率和可孕小花结实率上均高于后者。在小花发育中后期,大穗型品种周麦16转移到穗部的同化物比多穗型品种豫麦49-198多。经相关分析,花期完善小花（有完整绿色花药的小花）数与穗干重、穗氮积累量、茎干重、茎氮积累量呈微弱的正相关,与穗茎干重比、穗茎氮积累量比呈显著正相关,与穗干重/穗氮积累量比呈极显著正相关。周麦16的穗茎干重比、穗茎氮积累量比显著高于豫麦49-198,二指标均与穗干重/穗氮积累量比呈极显著正相关。进一步分析发现,周麦16的开花期单位面积完善小花数与成熟期单位面积粒数分别较豫麦49-198增加3.85%和4.65%,且品种间差异均达到极显著水平。

英文摘要：

This study explored the difference of floret development and photosynthate distribution between large-spike and multiple spike type wheat varieties.The results showed that the abortion and degradation rate of floret of Zhoumai 16 with large spike were slower than those of Yumai 49-198 with multiple spike,and the final fertile floret number of Zhoumai 16 was higher than that of Yumai 49-198.The setting rates of spikelet,floret and fertile floret of Zhoumai 16 were also higher than those of Yumai 49-198.Analysis on the difference of photosynthate distribution during floret development found that at late period of floret development,compared to Yumai 49-198,more photosynthate transferred to the spike in Zhoumai 16.It was further found that,the number of perfect florets and grains per unit area of Zhoumai 16 were significantly increased by 3.85% and 4.65%,compared to that of Yumai 49-198,respectively.