中文摘要：

本文采用原型与不同比尺模型试验对比和理论分析的方法,研究了公伯峡水平旋流泄洪洞的水力特性,初步探讨了模型的缩尺效应。结果表明：1）泄流量满足设计要求,模型泄流量基本满足重力相似律;2）旋流角符合指数的变化规律,其值介于20°～90°之间;旋流洞内压强沿程减小且呈波动式变化,压强脉动的主频属低频;3）环流空腔直径的变化为4～7.5 m,旋流洞中最大流速约为37～39.3 m/s,流动过程中切向流速减小,轴向流速增大;4）通气孔通气由其进出口的压差产生,模型比尺越大,水流流速越大,挟气能力越强,则通风量越大;空腔内负压与通气孔风速表明环形通气孔孔径偏小;5）水平旋流泄洪洞内水流的掺气效果良好,竖井段掺气浓度呈乘幂分布;模型水流掺气的缩尺效应明显;6）水平旋流泄洪洞的消能率高。

英文摘要：

The hydraulic characteristics of aerated spiral flows in the Gongboxia horizontal discharge tunnel and their scale effects were studied through theoretical analysis and comparison of a prototype experiment with laboratory tests on two models of different scales. The results are as follows. 1 ） The tunnel discharge meets the design requirement, and the model discharges follow the Froude law of similarity. 2） The flow rotation angle varies exponentially in the range from 20~ to 90~. Along the tunnel, the pressure is lowered and takes a fluctuating trend, and its dominant frequency is low. 3） The diameter of air cavity is in the range of 4.0 ~ 7.5m, and the maximum flow velocity in the range of 37.0 - 39.3m/s. Along the tunnel, circumferential components of velocity is decreasing while axial component is increasing. 4 ） Air flow in the air vent is produced by a difference in the inlet and outlet pressures, and it becomes greater on the model of larger scale that shows greater water flow velocity in the tunnel and hence greater self-aeration capacity. Measurements of the negative pressure in the cavity and the air velocity in the air vent indicate that the pore diameter of the aeration ring is relatively small. 5 ） This horizontal spiral flow is well aerated, and the air concentration in the vertical shaft is distributed in power law. Scale effects of flow aeration in the tunnel are significant. （6） The horizontal spiral flow tunnel has a high efficiency of energy dissipation.