中文摘要：

【目的】调查不同林龄灌丛地面节肢动物群落特征,分析柠条灌丛林固沙过程对地面节肢动物多样性与功能群结构的影响规律,并以周围封育草地为对照,基于地面节肢动物多样性与功能群结构辨析柠条灌丛对流动沙地的固定恢复效果,为生物多样性恢复、人工灌丛林管理、沙漠化防治提供科学依据。【方法】在宁夏盐池选择流动沙地,以6,15和36年生柠条灌丛林为研究样地,以周围邻近封育草地为对照,利用陷阱诱捕法,调查不同林龄灌丛样地地面节肢动物群落组成与结构特征,结合功能群划分分析不同林龄灌丛样地间地面节肢动物功能群结构（捕食性和植食性）的变化规律。【结果】1）地面节肢动物优势类群包括蠼螋科、拟步甲科和鳃金龟科,其个体数占总个体数的78.84%,常见类群包括7个类群,其个体数占总个体数的15.23%;其他26个类群为稀有类群,其个体数占总个体数的5.93%。不同类型生境样地中地面节肢动物类群个体数分布均存在显著差异性,例如,长奇盲蛛科、狼蛛科、泥蜂科主要生存于灌丛生境中,而步甲科主要生存于流动沙地生境中。2）流动沙地柠条灌丛定居6年后,地面节肢动物总个体数以及功能群（捕食性和植食性）个体数均急剧下降（P〈0.05）,而丰富度和Shannon指数以及功能群丰富度均显著增加（P〈0.05）。相对于流动沙地,6,15,36年生灌丛林地和封育草地的地面节肢动物总个体数、捕食性和植食性功能群的个体数分别下降了79%～95%,83%～95%和72%～95%,而丰富度、Shannon指数、捕食性和植食性功能群的丰富度分别增加了0.6～1.4倍、1.0～2.0倍、0.2～1.0倍和1.0～2.0倍。3）在柠条灌丛固沙过程中,不同年龄灌丛林地的地面节肢动物总个体数以及功能群个体数变化较小（P〉0.05）,并与封育草地间无显著差异性（P〉0.05）,但丰富度和Shannon指数随着林龄?

英文摘要：

【Objective】The objectives of this study were to investigate and evaluate the influences of shrub plantation on the ground-dwelling arthropod diversity and their functional structure. With the adjacent exclosure grassland as a control,the effectiveness of afforested shrub plantation on the mobile sand land fixation was examined in terms of ground-dwelling diversity and trophic structure. 【Method】In the desertified grassland of Yanchi County of Ningxia,the mobile sand land,and 6-,15-,36-years-old shrub plantations,as well as the adjacent exclosure grassland were selected as the experimental sites. The ground-dwelling arthropods and their functional structure were investigated by pitfall trapping method. 【Result】1） It was found that the Labiduridae,Tenebrionidae,and Melolonthidae families were the dominant groups,accounting for 78. 84% of the total individuals. There were seven common groups,accounting for 15. 23% of the total individuals.The other 26 taxon belonged to the rare groups,accounting for 5. 93% of the total individuals. Meantime,there was marked different distribution of arthropod individuals between the microhabitats. For example, the Phalangidae,Lycosidae,Sphecidae families dominated the microhabitats beneath the shrub cover, whereas the Carabidae family dominated the mobile sand land. 2） Abundance of total ground-dwelling arthropods and the abundance of predators and herbivores decreased markedly（ P 〈0. 05） after the establishment of shrub afforestation for 6 years in the previous mobile sand land,whereas a reverse pattern was observed in the taxa richness and the Shannon index,as well as taxa richness of predators and herbivores. The total individuals of ground-dwelling arthropods in 6-,15-, and 36-years-old shrub plantations and the exclosure grassland,and the individual number of predators and herbivores decreased by 79%- 95%,83%- 95% and 72%- 95%,respectively,whereas the taxa richness,Shannon index,and the richness of predators and herbivores increased by 0. 6- 1. 4,1. 0- 2.