水电站过渡过程中变顶高尾水洞的非恒定流通常为明满混合流,其流态较为复杂,三维流动现象较为明显。对明满混合流能否准确地模拟直接关系到机组的调节保证参数。为此本文采用1D-3D耦合方法对其进行数值模拟,并与传统的虚拟狭缝法模拟结果进行对比。由此,探讨两种方法在模拟明满混合流分界面波动过程的差异以及对尾水管最小动水压力的影响。结果表明:虚拟狭缝法存在较明显的缺陷,需要做出相应的改进。
During transient process of hydropower station, mixed flow of free surface and pressurized regimes usually occurs in the tailrace tunnel with sloping ceiling, and its flow patterns is relatively complicated owing to its features of three dimensionality. Accurate simulation of such free surface-pressurized flows is crucial to regulation guarantee parameters. This paper describes simulations of this mixed flow using 1D-3D coupling approach, and compares the results with those of virtual slot approach. We also discuss the difference of these two methods in modeling the interface of free surface and pressurized flow regimes and its oscillatory motion as well as their results of minimum hydrodynamic pressure in draft tube, demonstrating the flaws of virtual slot approach.