中文摘要：

详细介绍了介质的声-电转换效应的产生机理、利用虚拟仪器技术来搭建声电观测系统的原理、软硬件系统和实现方法．搭建的观测系统可以实现高分辨率、高采样率和多次叠加的数据采集，极大的增强了采集的微弱声-电信号的信噪比．该系统还具有混合信号同步采集功能，可以方便的通过改变接收传感器进行声-声和声电两种信号的基本同步测量，为声-电信号的观测和分析提供重要的参考信息．文章以观测干砂摸型的声-电响应，和冻土模型的声声和声-电响应两个具体实例验证了该观测系统的可行性和优越性．

英文摘要：

This paper introduces the mechanism of acoustic-electric conversions, measure principles, softwear and hardwear sub-systems, and realization method of the acoustic electric acquisition system based on virtual instrument technology in detail. The system can carry out data acquisition with high resolution, high sampling rate and multiple stacks automatically, and all of these functions greatly enhance the signal to-noise ratio of the detected acoustic-electric signal at a level from several to tens microvolts. The synchronous acquisition functions of the system for the signals from multiple sources can achieve the measurements of the acoustic-acoustic and acoustic electric signals approximately at the same time simply by changing the transducers, and the former is the important reference information for the analysis of the acoustic-electrtic signal. With two model measurement cases, acoustic-acoustic responses in a dry sandstone model, and acoustic-acoustic and acoustic-electric responses in a permafrost model, the feasibility and the superiority of the system are verified.