中文摘要：

microRNAs（miRNAs）是一类长约22个核苷酸的内源性非编码RNA，通过与靶基因3’端非编码区结合，抑制靶miRNAs翻译或直接使其降解，参与调节多种生理和病理过程。近年来大量研究表明，miRNAs在结直肠癌发生与发展过程中扮演着促癌或抑癌基因的角色，可作为诊断标志物和治疗靶点。结直肠癌是一类高发病率和高死亡率的肠道肿瘤。本文对miRNAs在结直肠癌中的作用机制、诊断、治疗及耐药性等最新研究进展予以阐述。

英文摘要：

MicroRNAs （miRNAs） are a class of endogenous, noneoding small RNAs, 22nt in length. Repressing the translation and inducing the degradation of target miRNAs genes by binding to the 3＇ - UTR participate in regulating multiple physiological and pathological processes. Many recent research implicates that miRNAs play oncogenic and tumor suppressor role in the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer. Thus, miRNAs are suggested as important markers in diagnosing and treating colorectal cancer. Colorectal cancer is one of intestinal tumor with high morbidity and mortality. This article reviews the recent research advances on molecular mechanism, diagnosis, treatment and drug resistance of miRNAs in colorectal cancer.