中文摘要：

[目的]探讨人造矿物纤维绝热棉不同职业接触特征对作业工人呼吸系统的影响。[方法]选择职业接触特征呈低纤维计数浓度、高总粉尘质量浓度的岩棉（含矿渣棉）企业的99名作业工人及低纤维计数浓度、低总粉尘质量浓度的玻璃棉企业的98名作业工人分别作为岩棉接触组和玻璃棉接触组，并分别选择141名和100名仅接触噪声的作业工人作为对照组，进行肺通气功能和鼻咽部检查。收集生产企业作业工人既往尘肺病、肺癌、恶性间皮瘤等发病资料。[结果]岩棉接触组限制性肺通气功能障碍检出率为28．3％，高于对照组（9．9％），差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；且与岩棉接触工龄呈线性趋势关系（P〈0．05）。玻璃棉接触组限制性肺通气功能障碍检出率为14.3％，与对照组（8．O％）差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；与玻璃棉接触工龄无线性趋势关系（P〉0．05）。岩棉和玻璃棉接触组慢性鼻炎检出率均为7．1％，与各自对照组（2．8％和4．0％）差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。慢性咽炎检出率分别为31.3％和52．0％，高于各自对照组（5．7％和6．0％），差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；慢性咽炎的影响因素有岩棉或玻璃棉接触、吸烟等。收集到“矿岩棉尘肺”2例，未收集到肺癌、恶性间皮瘤等病例。[结论]接触人造矿物纤维绝热棉可导致以限制性通气功能障碍为主的肺通气功能损害，可能具有一定的致纤维化作用，接触总粉尘质量浓度高的岩棉对肺通气功能损害的效应较接触总粉尘质量浓度低的玻璃棉更为明显。

英文摘要：

[ Objective ] To analyze the health outcomes of respiratory system induced by man-made vitreous fibre insulation wools with different occupational exposure profiles. [ Methods ] This study enrolled 99 workers from two rock wool plants with an exposure profile of low number concentration of fibre and low gravimetric concentration of total dust and 98 workers from two glass wool （and slag wool） plants with low number concentration of fibre and high gravimetric concentration of total dust as exposure groups; another 141 and 100 workers only exposed to noise were selected as corresponding control groups. All subjects accepted pulmonary function tests and nasopharynx examinations. Incidence data of pneumoconiosis, lung cancer, malignant mesothelioma, and other tumors in the four plants were retrospectively collected. [ Results ] The detection rate of restrictive pulmonary dysfunction in the rock wool exposure group was 28.3%, significantly higher than that of the control group （9.9%）（P〈 0.05）, and showed a linear trend with exposure age （P 〈 0.05）. The detection rate of restrictive pulmonary dysfunction in the glass wool exposure group was 14.3%, not significantly different from that of the control group （8.0%）（P 〉 0.05）, and showed no linear trend with exposure age （P 〉 0.05）. The detection rates of chronic rhinitis in both exposure groups were 7.1%, not significantly different from those of the control groups （5.7% and 6.0%）（P 〉 0.05）. The detection rates of chronic pharyngitis in the rock wool exposure group （31.3%） and glass wool exposure group （52.0%） were significantly higher than those of the correspongding control groups （5.7% and 6.0%, respectively）（P 〈 0.05）. Exposure to rock wool/glass wool and smoking may be the risk factors of chronic pharyngitis. Two cases of mineral wool pneumoconiosis were detected, but no cases of lung cancer, malignant mesothelioma and other cancers were seen. [ Conclusion ] Exposure to man-made vitreous fibre insulation