中文摘要：

类鼻疽是由类鼻疽伯克霍尔德菌（简称类鼻疽杆菌）引起的一种热带医学疾病,流行分布于热带及亚热带地区,主要集中在东南亚和澳洲北部地区。国内类鼻疽疫源地主要分布于海南、广东、广西南部的边缘热带地区。类鼻疽杆菌是一种腐生菌,主要存在于疫区的污水和土壤中。它可通过接触方式经破损的皮肤黏膜、呼吸道和消化道造成感染。

英文摘要：

Melioidosis is an emerging,serious infection disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei,and its morbidity and mortality are high in the epidemic areas. Pathogenic Burkholderia pseudomallei can be used as a potential biological weapon and is lethal. Clinical diagnosis of melioidosis is difficult because the disease has no pathognomonic clinical manifestations. Currently,there is no effective treatment method for melioidosis,and long-term antibiotic treatment is needed to prevent disease relapse. Therefore,timely and accurate diagnosis of melioidosis is very important for treatment and prevention of this disease. So far,it has developed a variety of techniques and methods for diagnosis of melioidosis. The review systematically introduced and evaluated laboratory diagnosis and identification methods of melioidosis from the bacteriology,serology,molecular biology and proteomics.