中文摘要：

目的调查安徽省部分地区2015年产小麦真菌污染情况,为评估粮食中真菌侵染及真菌毒素污染状况、进一步开展预测微生物学研究提供依据。方法采集安徽省五地市2015年产未经储存的小麦籽粒,进行感官检查和千粒重计数。采用点种法将麦粒样品接种于含0.1 g/L氯霉素的马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂（PDA）平板,于（28±1）℃培养5 d后,进行菌落计数和菌种鉴定。结果感官检查显示,每份小麦样品均检出数量不等的赤霉病粒,范围在8.0%～20.0%之间,千粒重平均值范围在39.8～48.5 g之间,且赤霉病粒率与千粒重水平呈负相关（r=-0.98）。安徽省五地市小麦样品的真菌污染率为100.0%,且均以交链孢霉为主要污染菌。结论安徽省五地市2015年产小麦赤霉病粒率较高,真菌污染状况较严重,有必要对小麦中的真菌毒素进行检测,并结合我国人群小麦及其制品的消费情况,评估居民通过食用小麦及其制品暴露真菌毒素的风险。

英文摘要：

Objective To evaluate the fungi contamination of wheat harvested in 2015 in order to provide the basis for fungi and mycotoxin control and study in predictive microbiology. Methods Organoleptic examinations and thousandgrain weight check were conducted for wheat kernel samples collected without storage from five regions of Anhui Province harvested in 2015. Wheat kernels were sterilized and inoculated onto potato dextrose agar medium plates which contained 0. 1 g/L chloramphenicol. The colony-forming units of fungi germinated were enumerated, classified and identified after incubation for 5 d at （28 ± 1 ）℃. Results Varied amounts of gibberella damaged wheat kernels were observed in each sample, the frequencies ranging from 8.0% to 20.0%. The average value of thousand-grain weight ranged from 39.8 to 48.5 g. The frequency of scabby wheat kernels had negative correlation with thousand-grain weight （r = -0.98）. The frequency of wheat samples contaminated by fungi was up to 100.0%, and the predominant was Alternaria species. Conclusion The wheat kernels collected from five regions of Anhui Province harvested in 2015 are seriously contaminated by fungi and the frequency of scabby wheat kernels is pretty high. There is a need to focus on the detection of mycotoxins combined with a risk assessment of different mycotoxins in wheat and its products to Chinese population.