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中文摘要：
Si、Ge作为锂离子电池负极材料分别具有4200 mAh/g和1600 mAh/g的理论容量，是传统石墨负极（372 mAh/g）的最佳替代材料之一。然而，此类材料本身电导率低、内阻大，同时在电化学循环过程中会发生巨大的体积变化，导致材料容量的快速衰减，严重制约材料的发展和应用。本项目着眼于抑制合金储锂负极材料的体积效应、降低内阻，从纳米化、多孔化方向对Si、Ge进行改性。发展镁热还原法可控制备三维多孔Si、Ge纳米颗粒（大孔纳米颗粒、微孔纳米颗粒、介孔纳米颗粒、以及分级孔径的纳米颗粒），筛选兼具大储锂容量、长循环寿命和高倍率性能的负极材料。深入研究三维多孔Si、Ge的电化学储锂过程，明晰材料在脱嵌锂过程中结构的变化规律，研究其脱嵌锂历程和电化学储锂机理。在纳米尺度上揭示合金储锂负极材料微观结构等材料学特征与其电化学储锂性能之间的关系，为下一代锂离子动力电池的研制提供实验与理论支持。
英文摘要：
magnesiothermic reduction；3D porous structure；silicon；germanium；lithium-ion batteries
结论摘要：
镁热还原法制备的三维多孔Si、Ge纳米颗粒，由于具有独特的多孔结构，能够有效地抑制Si、Ge在储锂过程中的体积效应，在保证大储锂容量的情况下使得其循环寿命和倍率性能得到了较大的提高。本项目通过镁热还原法制备了具有三维多孔结构的Si和Ge纳米颗粒，在优化的条件下获得兼具高比容量以及优异循环性能和倍率性能的电极材料。在项目执行期间，研究内容还扩展到了其他具有多孔结构的合金类负极材料的研究，通过优化实验条件取得了相关基础研究结果。本项目在Angew. Chem. Int. Ed, Nano Lett., Environ. Energy Sci., ACS Nano, Adv. Funct. Mater., Small等杂志上发表SCI论文54篇. 其中以芦苇叶为Si源通过镁热还原法制备的多孔硅负极材料，取得了优异的电化学性能，发表在《德国应用化学》上（Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2015, 54, 9632-9636）。文章发表同时,《德国应用化学》网站发表了题为“芦苇隐藏的潜能:天然芦苇叶中的氧化硅结构可被开发成电极材料用作锂电池”的相关新闻报道。这些成果对于发展镁热还原法和其他方法制备新型合金类电极材料、阐明材料结构与优异电化学性能之间的关系，提供了坚实的实验基础。
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期刊论文
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