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中文摘要：
在含水体系中，以单质磷、NaH2PO2等为磷源，通过控制反应的pH、温度、时间、表面活性剂的种类和用量、溶剂的配比，成功合成了不同尺寸、组成和形貌的过渡金属钴、镍的磷化物，如海胆状Co2P纳米结构、纳米棒构筑的Co2P超结构、蜂巢状多孔的Ni12P5纳米结构、Ni12P5纳米空心球等。弄清了各反应参数在目标产物合成中的作用；初步掌握了合成上述目标产物的一般规律。研究了其光催化降解有机小分子的性能，并探索了纳米棒构筑的Co2P超结构、蜂巢状Ni12P5多孔纳米结构对重金属离子的吸附能力。通过调控表面活性剂的种类和用量、反应的温度或时间及溶剂的配比，成功地实现了在简单水体系中Ni2P和Ni12P5的相态控制合成，并研究了产物的相态对其性能的影响。发现在尺寸和形貌相似的情况下，六方相的Ni2P比四方相的Ni12P5有更强的光催化能力。成功地水热合成了大小均一、表面多孔的Ni12P5微球，发现所得产物有优良的催化硝基苯氢化还原为苯胺的能力，而Ni2P不具备这一性能。采用混合溶剂热路线成功制备了具有室温磁性的海胆状多孔Ni-P微球，所得产物具有较大的表面积，展现了良好的快速除去重金属离子的能力。
结论摘要：
英文主题词transitional metal phosphides; hydrothermal synthesis; catalyst; dismutation
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