中文摘要：

引入非期望产出评价模型SBM．Undesirable，并基于时空演变的视角，对1997—2010年中国公路运输效率进行了分析。结果表明：①1997．2010年间中国公路运输效率水平整体偏低，且效率水平呈波动下降趋势，其中2008年表现较为突出；②公路运输负外部效应产出降低了中国公路运输效率的整体水平，而纯技术效率的变化则是影响公路运输综合效率变化的主要因素；③中国公路运输效率存在着较为显著的区域差异性，经济发展水平较高的东部地区运输效率较高，经济发展水平较低的中西部地区运输效率较低，且这种差异性有不断扩大的趋势；④在空间视角上，中国公路运输效率均衡性趋于降低，近年来由相对均衡逐步向非均衡甚至极化趋势发展；⑤提高资源利用效率、优化资源配置能力、减少负外部效应产出和增加运输有效产出是改善运输效率的重要途径。

英文摘要：

Road transport is an important foundation for the development of a modem economy in accelerating the velocity factor of production, and plays an important role in promoting regional integration process. Thus transport efficiency has become an important index for road transport service evaluation. With the implementa- tion of the sustainable strategy, China＇s economic growth will undergo a transition from extensive to intensive. It will require more efficient road transport and an optimized development mode. To make objective, fair and accu- rate comprehensive evaluation, different aspects of road transport efficiency during a certain period of operation are examined, including investment in highway facilities, transportation facilities, output of highway passenger, and efficiency of implementing comprehensive measurements of the functions of cargo transportation. High per- formance of highway transportation system means finding root causes of a potential problem in a timely fashion, facilitating quick solutions, and putting forward countermeasures. This article introduces undesirable outputs to build a road transport efficiency evaluation model, which uses the kilometers of highways, number of road trans- port employees, number of vehicles owned by road transport operators, and energy consumption by road trans- port as the indicators of investment made by provinces in road transport, uses the amounts of cargo and passen- ger turnovers in the scales of provinces and the municipalities directly under the central government as the indi- cators of desired output, and considers negative externalities of road transport output, such as road congestion, environmental pollution, traffic accidents, ecological damage as the results of undesirable outputs. In this article, using SBM-Undesirable model, we attempted to evaluate road transport efficiency from 1997 to 2010, describe the changes of road transport efficiency from a time perspective, and find ways to overcome the road transport inefficiencies. The results showed