中文摘要：

目的 了解细菌性腹膜炎病原菌分布及耐药状况,为临床抗感染治疗提供实验室依据。方法 收集徐州医科大学附属医院2011—2015年细菌性腹膜炎患者腹腔积液培养分离的病原菌,对其进行细菌鉴定和药敏试验,分析病原菌分布和耐药情况。结果 共收集菌株491株,其中革兰阴性杆菌291株（59.26%）,革兰阳性球菌196株（39.92%）,真菌4株（0.82%）,排名居前5位的病原菌分别为大肠埃希菌（30.14%）、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（12.22%）、金黄色葡萄球菌（10.39%）、肺炎克雷伯菌（8.55%）和屎肠球菌（6.52%）。大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、鲍曼不动杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌对亚胺培南的耐药率分别是4.90%、31.04%、77.28%和26.27%。耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）检出率为56.02%,耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（MRNCS）检出率为70.02%。结论 引起细菌性腹膜炎的病原菌以革兰阴性杆菌为主,大肠埃希菌占首位;病原菌耐药情况严重,应该加强抗菌药物的规范使用,减少耐药菌株的产生。

英文摘要：

Objective To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance of pathogens causing bacterial peritonitis, provide laboratorial guidance for rational use of antimicrobial agents. Methods Pathogenic strains iso- lated from peritoneal fluid specimen of patients with peritonitis in the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical Univer- sity in 2011 -2015 were collected, performed bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing, distri- bution of pathogens and antimicrobial resistance were analyzed. Results A total of 491 strains were collected, in- eluding 291（59.26%）strains of gram-negative bacilli, 196（39.92%）of gram-positive cocci, and 4 （0. 82%） of fun- gi. The top 5 pathogens were Escherichia coli （30.14 %）, coagulase negative staphylococcus（12.22 %）, Staphylo- coccus aureus （10.39 % ）, Klebsiella pneumoniae （8.55 % ） , and Enterococcus faecium （6.52 % ）. Antimicrobial re- sistance rates of Escherichia coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Acinetobacter baumannii , and Pseudomonas aeruginosa to imipenem were 4.90%, 31.04%, 77. 280% and 26.27% respectively. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcusaureus （MRSA） and methicillin-resistant coagulase negative staphylococeus（MRNCS） accounted for 56.02% and 70.02% respectively. Conclusion The main pathogens causing bacterial peritonitis are gram-negative bacilli, Escherichia co- li ranks first; resistance of pathogens is serious, standard use of antimicrobial agents should be strengthened to re- duce the emergence of drug-resistant strains.