中文摘要：

微小 RNA（micro RNAs,miRNAs）是一类不同于 mRNA 的非蛋白编码的小 RNA,其通过结合靶 mRNA 的3′非翻译区（3′untranslated region,3′UTR）,抑制靶 mRNA 的翻译或降解靶 mRNA。miRNA 在肿瘤发生、生长、迁移与侵袭过程中发挥了重要作用。miRNA 的调控与其在肿瘤中的功能密切相关。竞争性内源性 RNA（competing endogenous RNA,ceRNA）、环状 RNA（circular RNA,circRNA）及 RNA 结合蛋白（RNA binding protein,RBP）参与了 miRNA 靶基因的表达调控,可能是 miRNA 在不同肿瘤组织及细胞中功能多样化与复杂化的原因之一。研究miRNA 在特定细胞中网络调控机制的新技术是未来的新方向。

英文摘要：

microRNA （miRNA）is a kind of non-protein-coding small RNA that is different from mRNA. miRNAs interact with the 3’ untranslated region （3’UTR ）of the target mRNA,resulting in either complete degradation or translational inhibition of the target mRNA.miRNAs play a vital role in tumorigenesis,growth, migration and invasion.The regulation of miRNA is closely related to its function in cancer.Competing endogenous RNA （ceRNA）,circular RNA （circRNA）and RNA binding protein （RBP）as regulatory molecules are involved in the expression regulation of target genes.It may be one reason why the miRNA has complicated and diversified functions in diverse cancer tissues or cancer cells.The future direction of miRNA research is to study the latest technology to find the network control mechanism of miRNA in the specific cells.