中文摘要：

为促进国外资源在我国小麦育种中的有效利用,以小麦春化基因Vrn-A1、Vrn-B1、Vrn-D1和Vrn-B3及光周期位点Ppd-D1标记对23个国家的755份品种进行检测,同时在河南安阳秋播,观察抽穗期和成熟期。分子标记检测结果表明,Vrn-A1、Vrn-B1、Vrn-D1和vrn-A1＋vrn-B1＋vrn-D1的分布频率分别为13.0%、21.1%、15.6%和64.2%,显性等位变异Vrn-B3在检测材料中缺失。春化基因显性等位变异Vrn-A1、Vrn-B1和Vrn-D1主要分布在中国春麦区和长江中上游冬麦区、意大利、印度、日本、加拿大、墨西哥、智利、阿根廷和澳大利亚,上述地区的小麦一般为春性类型;春化位点均为隐性等位变异或vrn-A1＋vrn-D1＋Vrn-B1的品种主要分布在中国北方、美国中部和南部、德国、法国、挪威、乌克兰、俄罗斯、伊朗、土耳其、匈牙利、保加利亚、罗马尼亚和塞尔维亚,这些地区的小麦为冬性类型。光周期迟钝型Ppd-D1a的分布频率为55.2%。光周期敏感等位变异Ppd-D1b主要分布在纬度较高的地区,即美国各麦区以及德国、挪威、匈牙利、中国东北地区、加拿大、智利和阿根廷,来自其余麦区的品种均携带光周期迟钝等位变异Ppd-D1a;携带Ppd-D1a的品种在河南安阳大部分能够成熟,而携带Ppd-D1b的品种在河南安阳基本不能成熟。在安阳春化显性等位变异Vrn-A1a未加速小麦抽穗,而携带Vrn-B1和Vrn-D1等位变异的部分春化需求品种能够正常抽穗,主要因河南安阳生长季节的温度能够满足春化需求。

英文摘要：

Molecular markers for vernalization genes Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1, Vrn-D1 and Vrn-B3 and photoperiod gene Ppd-D1 were used to detect the presence of these genes among 755 cultivars from 23 countries. Days to heading and physiological maturity of these cultivars were also recorded in Anyang, Henan province, China to provide information for their utilization in Chinese wheat breeding program. Frequencies of Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1, Vrn-D1, and vrn-A1＋vrn-B1＋vrn-D1 were 13.0%, 21.1%, 15.6%, and 64.2%, respectively. Dominant allele Vrn-B3 was absent in all tested materials. Dominant vernalization alleles Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1, and Vrn-D1 were mainly observed in Chinese spring wheat and middle and upper Yangtze Valley winter wheat regions, Italy, India, Japan, Canada, Mexico, Chile, Argentina, and Australia with spring type, while cultivars carryied all recessive alleles at the four vernalization loci. The gene recombination of vrn-A1, vrn-D1, and Vrn-B1 was found in winter wheat regions of northern China, middle and southern US, Germany, France, Norway, Ukraine, Russia, Turkey, Iran, Hungary, Bulgaria, Romania, and Serbia, where the wheat growth habit is winter type. The frequency of Ppd-D1a was 55.2%, and photoperiod sensitive allele Ppd-D1b was mainly observed in cultivars from higher latitude regions of US, Germany, Norway, Hungary, northeastern China, Canada, Chile, and Argentina; while photoperiod insensitive allele Ppd-D1a was observed in the other wheat-growing regions. Most of cultivars with photoperiod insensitive allele Ppd-D1a could complete physiological maturity in Anyang, whereas cultivars from Germany, Norway, Hungary, northwestern US, northeast China, Chile and Argentina could not mature well. In Anyang, flowering time was not speeded up by the presence of dominant vernalization allele Vrn-A1a, cultivars with Vrn-B1 and Vrn-D1 could head normally due to the completion of vernalization requirement during winter season.