中文摘要：

高分辨率计算机断层扫描（显微CT,micro-CT）已逐渐成为古生物学研究的重要支撑手段。研究者可以在不破坏珍贵化石样品的情况下，取得微米级或亚微米级的高分辨率三维断层图像。根据x光源不同，高分辨率CT可以分为工业用显微CT和同步辐射显微CT，两者相互补充，满足了对多数化石材料的无损探测要求。目前，显微CT技术在古生代鱼类的脑颅三维重建和骨组织学显微成像上已经有了比较成熟的应用，从而为脊椎动物早期演化史上的若干重大问题（如颌的起源、牙齿的发育和脑的演化等）取得突破性进展提供了关键的技术支撑。

英文摘要：

The high-resolution computed tomography （CT） has become a powerful tool in paleontology, providing three-dimensional （3D） tomographic images at micron or sub-micron resolution without damaging fossil samples. According to the X-ray sources, the high-resolution CT includes the industrial X-ray microtomography and synchrotron X-ray microtomography. The two micro-CTs complement each other to meet nondestructive investigations of fossil materials with a broad size range. Currently, the micro-CT technique has been successfully applied to the research on Paleozoic fishes, e.g. 3D reconstruction of fish braincase and imaging of microstructure of bone tissue. Thanks to the development of industrial and syncrontron micro-CT, breakthroughs have been achieved in understanding early vertebrate evolution, such as the origin of the jaw, tooth development and brain evolution.