中文摘要：

中国志留纪的鱼类化石具有特征独特、门类齐全、产出地点及层位多、出现时代早等特点，这些化石材料不仅为探讨颌的起源、有颌类冠群的起源与早期分化、硬骨鱼类的起源、肉鳍鱼类的早期分化等演化生物学课题提供了关键资料，而且为中国志留纪含鱼地层的划分与对比、一些重要地质界线的确定等地层学问题提供了可靠的古鱼类学证据。文中总结了11个各具特色的中国志留纪鱼类化石组合，包括温塘组合与塔塔埃尔塔格组合（兰多维列世特列奇早期）、坟头组合与依木干他乌组合（特列奇中期）、茅山组合（特列奇晚期）、庙沟组合（温洛克世侯墨期）、扬子组合与克兹尔塔格组合（罗德洛世卢德福特早中期）、红庙组合（卢德福特晚期）、廖角山组合与羊路沟组合（普里道利世），据此证实了志留纪的浅水海相红层在华南扬子地区主要有3个层位——特列奇阶下部（下红层）、特列奇阶上部（上红层）和卢德福特阶中下部（罗德洛统红层），讨论了塔里木盆地西北缘发育的一套古生代含鱼化石红色岩系的划分、对比与时代归属，并对基于鱼类化石组合辅以化学地层学手段在华南不同相区开展的志留系一泥盆系界线研究做了综述。

英文摘要：

The Silurian fishes from China are characterized by their unique characteristics, high diversity, wide geographic distribution and early stratigraphic occurrence. These fossil materials have provided critical data in the quest for early vertebrate evolution, such as the origin of jaws, the origin and early diversification of crown gnathostomes, the origin of osteichthyans, and the early diversification of sareopterygians. They have also offered reliable paleoichthyological evidence for some regional stratigraphic issues, exemplified by the subdivision and correlation of Silurian fish-bearing strata and the definition of several geological boundaries in China. We summarize eleven distinctive Silurian fish assemblages in China： the Wentang and Tataaiertage assemblages （early Telychian of Llandovery）, the Fentou and Yimugantawu assemblage （middle Telychian）, the Maoshan assemblage （late Telychian）, the Miaogou assemblage （Homerian of Wenlock）, the Yangtze and Keziertage assemblages （early-middle Ludfordian of Ludlow）, the Hongmiao assemblage （late Ludfordian of Ludlow）, and the Liaojiaoshan and Yanglugou assemblages （Pridoli）. In the light of these assemblages, we corroborate that the Silurian shallow marine red beds in the Yangtze area of South China occurred mainly in three horizons, i. e., the lower Telychian of Llandovery （Lower Red Beds）, the upper Telychian of Llandovery （Upper Red Beds）, and the early-middle I.udfordian of Ludlow （I.udlow Red Beds）. We also discuss the subdivision, correlation and geological age of the Silurian red sandstones and mudstones （also termed the ＂Old Red Rock Series＂） exposed in the northwestern margin of the Tarim Basin, and review the study of the Silurian-Devonian Boundary in South China on the basis of the fish assemblages and the chemostratigraphic results.