中文摘要：

采用溶胶-凝胶法,以1,2-环氧丙烷作为Cr（Ⅲ）离子的水解促进剂,温和条件制备了Al/Cr2O3/ETN湿凝胶,超临界干燥后得到Al/Cr2O3/ETN纳米复合物。讨论了氯化铬初始浓度、溶剂选择、环氧丙烷用量和初始p H值对体系温度和p H的影响,确定了最佳工艺。利用TEM、SEM、BET、EDS、IR、DSC和感度测试对Al/Cr2O3/ETN纳米复合物的形貌、结构、热分解性能和机械感度进行了表征。结果表明,纳米Al的表面被粒径约20 nm的纳米ETN和Cr2O3的小粒子致密包覆,形成纳米复合物,其比表面积为290.8 m^2·g^-1,IR图谱中有明显的硝酸酯基炸药的特征峰。DSC分析表明,ETN在63.4℃出现熔化峰,194.3℃出现分解放热峰。感度测试结果表明,复合物的撞击感度和摩擦感度只有53 cm、46%,所以此复合物的感度较低。

英文摘要：

Using 1,2-propylene oxide as accelerator for hydrolysis of Cr（ M ） ions, Al/Cr2O3/ETN nanocom-posites were prepared by sol-gel-supercritical method under mild conditions. Effects of factors, such as initial con-centration of CrCl3, selection of solvent, concentration of propylene oxide and initial pH value, were discussed and the optimum technological conditions was determined. SEM, TEM, BET, EDS, IR, DSC technologies were used to characterize its micron morphology, structure and thermal decomposition. The mechanical sensitivities of nanocom-posites were also tested. Results indicated that nanometer ETN and Cr2O3 was formed, in which surfaces of A1 nan-oparticles were coated with layers of tiny particles whose sizes were about 20 nm. Specific surface area of the nano-composite was 290. 8 m^2·g^-1. Characteristic peaks of nitrate ester explosives were presented in IR spectrum of nanocomposite. In the DSC curve, there was an endothermic peak showed at 63. 4 ℃and exothermic peak presen-ted at 194. 3 ℃ of ETN. The impact sensitivity and friction sensitivity of the composite was only 53 cm and 46% ,so the sensitivity of this composite is low.