中文摘要：

在田间条件下,采用开放式气路测定了小麦旗叶光合功能的相关指标,研究了施氮量对超高产小麦旗叶开花期荧光动力学参数的影响。结果表明,氮素对超高产小麦开花期的荧光动力学参数和光合特性有较大的调节作用。随着光照时间的延长,小麦旗叶的荧光参数ΦPSII（作用光存在时PSII实际的光化学量子效率）、qP（光化学猝灭系数）、F′v/F′m（开放的PSII反应中心的激发能捕获效率）、NPQ（非光化学猝灭系数）、ETR（电子传递速率）逐渐上升并在20 min左右趋于稳定,与光合同步;但在高氮条件下ΦPSII和qP反而较低氮处理的降低。表明在合理的施氮范围内,施氮能通过提高F′v/F′m、NPQ、ETR来增强光合机构对环境的适应能力,进而保护光合器官。在本试验条件下,超高产麦田的适宜施氮量为N 300 kg/hm2。

英文摘要：

In order to offer a technological support for fertilizer management of superhigh-yield winter wheat, effects of nitrogen application on the fluorescence kinetics parameters of flag leaves of superhigh-yield winter wheat at the flowering stage under field condition were studied. ΦPSII （quantum yield of photosystem Ⅱ photochemistry）, qP （photochemical quenching）, F＇v/F＇m （the efficiency of open reaction centers in light）, NPQ （non-photochemical quenching）, ETR （electron transport rate）, net photosynthesis rate （Pn）, intercellular CO2 concentration （Ci） and stomatal conductance （Gs） of the flag leaves were measured using Li-6400 portable photosynthesis system with an open flow gas exchange system. The results show that the kinetics parameters of fluorescence and the photosynthetic characteristics of the flag leaves at the flowering stage were regulated under the nitrogen application. As lighting prolonged, fluorescence parameters of ΦPSII, qP, F＇v/F＇m, NPQ and ETR are gradually increased, and are stable at 21 minute or so. However, ΦPSII and qP under the high N level treatment is lower than that under the low N. F＇v/F＇m, NPQ and ETR are increased under the rational nitrogen application amount. Therefore, adaptability of the photosynthesis organs to the changes of environment is enhanced, and photosynthetic organs are protected. The highest grain yield is observed in the treatment with N 300 kg/ha application.