中文摘要：

目的运用双生子法探讨遗传和环境因素对儿童青少年认知加工速度的影响。方法采用韦氏儿童智力量表IV（WISC—IV）中的编码测验和符号检索评定333对6—16岁双生子的认知加工速度特点。应用结构方程模型分析遗传和环境因素对认知加工速度的影响。结果6—16岁儿童青少年的编码测验遗传度为0．28，在不同的性别（男：女为0．09：0．00）和年龄（10～16岁：6～9岁为0．24：0．38）的遗传度差异较符号检索的差异小；符号检索的遗传度为0．61，男生（0．47）受遗传影响大于女生（0．25），6～9岁的儿童符号检索主要受遗传影响（0．63），而10～16岁的儿童青少年符号检索主要受共享环境影响（0．56）。结论认知加工速度有中～高度的遗传度，编码测验和符号检索可能反映加工速度的不同维度。

英文摘要：

Objective To explore the effects of the genetic and environmental factors on processing speed of children and adolescent in The Southwestern China Prospective Twin Registry （SCPT）. Methods The function of processing speed were investigated by using the subtests of coding and symbol search from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale IV （ WISC- IV） in 333 twin pairs aged 6 - 16. Structural equation modeling （SEM） and correlation analysis method was used to analyze genetical and environmental impacts upon processing speed. Results The heritability of coding is 0.28 for children aged 6 16 years old. There were no significant difference for their heritability in different sex （male vs. female： 0. 09 vs. 0. 00） and age （ 10 - 16 years old vs 6 - 9 years old ：0. 24 vs 0. 38） groups. The heritability of symbol search is 0. 61. The heritability of symbol search in males （0. 47 ） was higher than that in females （0.25）. The performance of symbol search in children aged 6 - 9 year old were mainly affected by the heritability （ a = 0. 63 ） whereas the performance of symbol search in those aged 10 - 16 years old were mainly affected by shared environmental factors（ c =0. 56）. Conclusions There is moderate to high heritability on the processing speed and coding and symbol search may reflect different dimensions of processing speed.