中文摘要：

为了建立一套简便节能的野外夜间增温设施,参照国际上夜间被动式增温系统（passive nighttime warming,PNW）,在江苏丹阳设计了稻麦系统夜间被动式增温设施.结果表明：该系统可以保证15.75 m2的有效采样区域,温度增幅均匀,水稻冠层全生育期夜间平均温度升高1.1℃,冬小麦冠层和5 cm土层全生育期夜间平均温度分别提高1.3℃和0.8℃;该增温系统在运行期间,水稻和冬小麦全生育期的冠层和土壤温度的日变化趋势与非增温对照区基本一致.该系统使麦田土壤含水量略微降低,但对小麦生长的影响不明显.将该系统在我国水稻和冬小麦主要产区应用时发现,该夜间增温系统可以使水稻和冬小麦始花期分别平均提前3 d和5 d.该系统的增温效果在不同区域和季节存在一定的差异,但综合考虑该系统的增温均匀性和增温区域有效性,及其对稻麦生育期的影响效果,该设施不仅节能,而且可以满足野外增温试验研究的基本要求.

英文摘要：

Based on the technique of passive nighttime warming（PNW）,a convenient and energy-saving PNW facility was designed for a rice-wheat cropping system in Danyang,Jiangsu Province.The facility could guarantee 15.75 m2 effective sampling area,with a homogeneous amplitude of increased temperature,and making the nighttime canopy temperature during whole rice growth season increased averagely by 1.1 ℃ and the nighttime canopy temperature and 5 cm soil temperature during whole winter wheat growth period increased averagely by 1.3 ℃ and 0.8 ℃, respectively.During the operation period of the facility,the variation trends of the canopy temperature and 5 cm soil temperature during the whole growth periods of rice and winter wheat in the warming plots were similar to those of the control.Though the facility slightly decreased the soil moisture content during winter wheat growth period,wheat growth was less impacted.The application of this facility in our main production areas of rice and winter wheat showed that the facility could advance the initial blossoming stages of rice and winter wheat averagely by 3 d and 5 d,respectively.In despite of the discrepancy in the warming effect among different regions and seasons,this energy-saving facility was reliable for the field research on crop responses to climate warming,when the homogeneity of increased temperature,the effective area,and the effects on crop growth period were taken into comprehensive consideration.