中文摘要：

为了提高体育场馆中人员疏散效率，针对事故中多出口体育场馆人员小团体行为问题，提出了基于社会力模型的多出口场馆人员小团体行为仿真模型，研究人员疏散过程中的小团体行为及对疏散结果的影响。首先针对多出口场馆，根据到出口的距离、出口方向上视野范围内的人员数量及人员密度三个因素建立个体进行出口选择的模型，然后通过定义指数形式的团体吸引力及小团体成员期望速度方向的表达式来描述小团体行为。仿真结果表明，上述模型能够模拟出多出口场馆内人员疏散的场景，普通个体根据周围环境的变化不断改变目标出口，而小团体成员首先聚集在一起再集体疏散，且小团体行为不利于疏散过程的进行，会降低疏散效率。

英文摘要：

To improve the efficiency of evacuation, a pedestrian evacuation model of small group behavior in multi - exits stadium is proposed to simulate the small group behaviors and their impacts on pedestrian evacuation. First, for the multi - exits stadium, according to the distance to exit, pedestrian number and pedestrian density are used to establish the exit selection model. Then, an exponential formulation of the group attractive force among the small group is defined and expected speed direction of small groups is used to describe the small group behavior. Simula- tion results show that this model can well reconstruct the pedestrian evacuation scenario under multi - exits stadium. Individuals will change the dest - exit constantly according to surrounding environment, and the small group members will gather together and evacuate collectively. The small group behavior will cause negative effects on pedestrian evacuation and the evacuation efficiency will become lower accordingly.