中文摘要：

绝对定向在立体摄影测量中具有很重要的作用。本文在研究正交矩阵反问题及其最佳逼近的基础上，提出了一种利用正交矩阵反问题进行绝对定向的快速直接算法，该算法直接对系数矩阵进行奇异值分解来求旋转矩阵的最小二乘解。实验表明，该算法具有明显的优越性和适应性。

英文摘要：

Absolute orientation is very important in stereo photogrammetry. This paper analyses the inverse problem of orthogonal matrices and its optimal approximation, and thus puts forward a fast algorithm of absolute orientation using inverse problem of orthogonal matrices. The result of experiment indicates that the arithmetic has obvious advantage and adaptability.