中文摘要：

基因的表达失控是疾病发生的主要原因之一，干扰靶基因的表达可能成为有效的治疗手段。RNA干扰技术是近年兴起的基因调控干预方法，其基础，特别是应用研究极受关注，人们期待RNA干扰能成为肿瘤、病毒感染等难治疾病的临床治疗手段。然而，这一新兴技术在应用研究过程中显现出诸多问题，如细胞毒性、引起机体非特异性反应等等。就RNA干扰引起的非特异性免疫反应展开综述，探讨其机制，期望为RNA干扰的应用研究提供一些思考。

英文摘要：

Since unregulated gene expression is one of the main causes of diseases, interfering of target gene expression may become an effective treatment method. RNA interference technology has already been a method of gene regulation in recent years and lots of people have expected that RNA interference technology can be applied to deal with diseases such as tumor and viral infection. But in the process of its application, the RNA interference technology has faced some deficiencies such as cytotoxicity and a series of non-specific reaction in the body and so on. This paper reviews briefly relevant reports of the non-specific immune reactions and their mechanisms induced by the RNA interference.