中文摘要：

采用染色法和钙离子载体A23187诱导精子顶体反应法，对三疣梭子蟹精子的活力进行评价研究。结果表明，采用台盼蓝染色无法清晰辨别死、活精子。采用曙红B染色，精子分别呈现不同的染色特征：活精子无色，细胞边界清晰可辨，在光学显徽镜下观察可见顶体中央突起的圆锥状结构和辐射臂；死精子细胞边界有稍许模糊，核杯和顶体均着色。最适的曙红B浓度和染色时间分别为2％和2min。钙离子载体A23187诱导精子顶体反应的结果显示：在诱导时间和A23187浓度分别为50min和30μg·mL^-1时，校正顶体反应率达到（92．73±2．43）％。对这两种活力检测方法的比较分析显示，曙红B染色法和钙离子载体A23187诱导精子顶体反应法的活力检测值与样品理论值呈显著正相关（P〈0．01），他们二者之间亦呈显著正相关（P〈0．01），说明这两种方法均可用于精子活力检测，其结果具有可比性。

英文摘要：

The viability assessment of spermatozoa in the swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus was carried out by means of the traditional biostaining techniques of trypan blue and eosin B and the method of artificial induction of acrosome reaction. With the trypan blue staining, we could not differentiate clearly between the dead and live spermatozoa. But we could distinguish clearly the difference of the dead and live spermatozoa with the eosin B staining. The morphological and structural characters of spermatozoa dyed by eosin B were studied in detail with light microscopy. The sperm has a top-like shape, and consists of an acrosome, nuclear cup and 5 - 10 radial arms which extend from the nucleus. The live spermatozoa were colorless, while the acrosome and nuclear cup of dead spermatozoa were stained easily by eosin B, and the boundaries of dead spermatozoa were not clear. The best concentration of eosin B and staining time were 2% and 2 min respectively. The acrosome reaction of spermatozoa were induced artificially by treatment with divalent cation ionophore A23187. And （92.73 ± 2.43）% of the emendatory rate of acrosome reaction was achieved when sperms isolated from the seminal receptacles of the female crab were exposed to 30μg.mL^-1 ionophore A23187 for 50 min. There were significant positive correlation among the pratical value of eosin B staining, the pratical value of artificial induction of acrosome reaction and the theoretical value （P〈 0.01）. It is concluded that both the method of eosin B staining and the method of artificial induction of acrosome reaction by ionophore A23187 were suitable for the viability assessment of spermatozoa in P. trituberculatus, and the results of these two methods were comparable.