中文摘要：

目的评价大气颗粒物污染引起我国城市居民伤残调整寿命年（disability adjusted life years，DALYs）的损失。方法以2006年我国656个城市的城市人口作为暴露人口，以国家控制大气质量监测体系中各城市的可吸入颗粒物（particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 10microns，PM20）年均浓度为暴露水平，应用DALYs指标，评价我国城市大气颗粒物污染的人群健康效应。结果2006年大气颗粒物污染能引起我国城市居民（50．66±9．52）万例早逝，（15．66±4．12）万例慢性支气管炎患者，（1264．05±522．97）万例内科门诊患者，（9．99±5．04）万例心血管疾病住院患者和（7．20±0．82）万例呼吸系统疾病住院患者。2006年归因于城市大气颗粒物污染的DALYs损失总计为（526．22±99．43）万人年，其中由早逝引起的百分率为96．26％（506．55／526．22）。城市颗粒物污染越重，城市人口越多，则相应的DALYs损失越大。结论大气颗粒物污染已对我国城市居民的健康造成了较大的影响，从公共卫生的角度说明了加强治理大气污染的必要性和迫切性。

英文摘要：

Objective To evaluate the loss of disability adjusted life years （DALYs） due to particulate air pollution in Chinese urban residents. Methods DALYs was applied to evaluate the health effects due to particulate air pollution in the residents of 656 Chinese cities, and the data of annual average concentrations of inhalable particle （PM10） in 2006 were collected from the state-owned air quality monitoring network. Results Particulate air pollution in Chinese urban areas in 2006, could cause （506. 6 ＋ 95.2） thousand premature deaths, （ 156. 6 ＋41.2） thousand new cases of chronic bronchitis, （ 12. 6 ＋5.2） million outpatient visits for internal medicine, （99. 9 ＋ 50.4） thousand and （72. 0 ＋ 8.2） thousand hospital admissions for cardiovascular diseases and respiratory diseases respectively. The attributable DALYs loss in urban residents amounted up to （ 5.26 ＋ 0. 99 ） million person years in 2006, of which, 96. 26% （506. 55/526. 22）were caused by premature deaths. The attributable loss of DALYs increased with more seriously PM-polluted atmosphere and larger urban population. Conclusion Substantial adverse health effects due to outdoor particulate air pollution were observed in China urban areas, thus strengthening air pollution control still remains an imperative and urgent matter in public health perspective.