中文摘要：

基于计算全息法,通过计算和模拟得到了涡旋光束与平面光束干涉所产生的位错条纹,用胶片记录位错条纹并制作成位错光栅,在自行设计搭建的光路中进行实验获得1-4阶的涡旋光束。实验结果表明,各阶涡旋光束的空心半径随着阶数的增大而逐渐增大,与理论分析相符合;实验进一步观察到各阶光栅的二级甚至三级衍射光束,当入射光束中心与光栅位错中心重合时,能够产生光强分布对称的涡旋光束,当光束中心和光栅中心不重合时,产生的涡旋光束的光强分布不对称。这为后续以涡旋光束为捕获光束的光镊实验的进一步拓展及应用提供了理论和技术支持。

英文摘要：

Based on the computer generated holography,the dislocation fringes caused by the interference between the vortex beam and the plane beam were obtained through simulation and expriment.The dislocation gratings were made by films which recorde these interference fringes.With our own designed optical path,1-4 order vortex beam were obtained in the experiment.The experimental results show that radius of the vortex beam will increase gradually with the increasing the orders,which are consistent with the theoretical analysis.The second and third diffraction beams of the gratings are observed further in the experiment.The vortex beam of symmetrical intensity distribution can be produced when the center of incent beam overlaps with the cetnter of dislocation grating,otherwise,the distribution of the vortex beam will be asymmetrical if the center of incent beam does not overlap with the center of dislocation grating.This work provides theoterical and technical support for further development of the optical tweezers based on vortex beam as the trapping beam.