中文摘要：

针对国内移动源排放测算工作所面临的挑战,从移动源排放测算的法律体系和机制两方面,总结了美国在移动源排放测算工作上的经验。从平均速度、车辆行驶里程、机动车注册数据、行驶工况和行驶特征等排放测算的关键变量,分别阐述了美国移动源排放测算的数据特征和收集方法。进一步论述了移动源排放测算模型研究的发展方向和移动源排放测算的主要模型,以期对国内移动源排放测算工作提供借鉴。在上述讨论基础上,建议将移动源排放测算工作上升到国家法律层次,并建立起交通和环保部门的沟通和协调机制,包括责任划分、数据收集与共享、技术方法以及决策过程等,将排放控制上升为交通和环保部门共同的目标和责任。

英文摘要：

Aimed at the challenge in the estimation of mobile source emissions in China,the experiences on mobile sources emission estimation in America were reviewed from the aspects of legislation system and mechanism.Data characteristics and collection methods of mobile source emission estimation in America were presented based on the key parameters including average speed,vehicle mileage traveled,vehicle registration data,operating mode,and driving characteristics.The trend of mobile source emission estimation modeling research and representative mobile source emission models were further discussed,which will hopefully provide useful lessons for China in estimating mobile source emissions.Based on the above discussion,it is recommended to elevate the work of mobile source emission estimation to the level of national legislation,and establish the communication and coordination mechanism between transportation and environmental protection agencies,including assignment of responsibilities,collection and sharing of data,technical methodologies,and policy-making processes,to elevate mobile source emission control as the common goal and responsibility of both the agencies.