中文摘要：

比较了3种典型嗜中温铁／硫代谢菌----Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans、Leptospirillum ferriphilum及Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans单独及混合浸出黄铜矿过程中细菌硫氧化、铁氧化情况。同时利用XRD、硫的K边X射线吸收近边结构光谱（XANES）等分析手段研究3种细菌单独／混合浸出黄铜矿过程中矿物组成成分和矿物表面硫的形态变化。结果表明：在浸出初期电位低于400mV（VSSCE）时，黄铜矿的浸出速率较快，此后电位迅速升高至540mV，黄铜矿浸出速率明显变慢。混合菌浸出时体系的硫／铁氧化活性较单一菌高，根据XANES拟合分析发现，混合菌浸出时矿物表面元素硫及黄钾铁矾积累量明显减少，浸出初期辉铜矿产量明显高于单一细菌浸出的。

英文摘要：

The sulfur/iron oxidation activities of three typical mesospbilic bioleaching bacteria, such as Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, Leptospirillum ferriphilum and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans, were studied and their mixture in bioleaching of chalcopyrite were compared. Meanwhile, the relevant sulfur speciation on the surface of chalcopyrite leached by pure/mixed bacteria was investigated by X-ray diffractometry （XRD） and X ray absorption near-edge structure （XANES）. The results show that the dissolution rate of chalcopyrite is higher when the redox potential is less than 400 mV （vs SCE）, and above that potential, the dissolution rate of chalcopyrite apparently decreases, the mixed culture has a higher sulfur/ion oxidation activity than that of the pure cultures of bacteria. The fitted results of XANES spectra indicate that the mixed culture promotes the formation of chalcocite and obviously restrain the passivation layer （sulfur and jarosite）.