中文摘要：

外来植物入侵已成为全球性问题,给人类社会、经济和环境带来巨大挑战,因而对外来植物成功入侵机制的研究引起了国内外学者的广泛关注.目前,外来植物成功入侵机制的理论框架主要包括2个方面：外来植物的入侵能力与生态系统的可入侵性.基于上述理论框架,生态学家提出了多个用于解释外来植物成功入侵的机制假说,包括天敌逃避假说、资源可获得性假说等,但这些假说主要针对的是地上植物与草食性动物.近年来的研究证明,外来入侵植物与入侵地土壤微生物以及与自身内生菌之间的相互作用也是其成功入侵的重要机理之一.从菌根共生、固氮菌共生、病原微生物逃避、土壤微生物群落总体结构与功能以及内生菌等方面对国内外关于外来植物入侵的微生物学机制研究进行了总结,并在此基础上探讨了研究中存在的问题及未来的研究方向,以期为外来植物入侵的预防、控制与生境恢复提供依据。

英文摘要：

Exotic plant invasion causing serious consequences in social,economic and environment has become a global problem,so the study on the successful invasion mechanisms of plants has triggered increasing concerns from researchers worldwide.At present,the theory frames of plant invasion mechanism mainly include plant invasive ability and invisibility of ecological system.On the basis of these theory frames,some hypotheses such as enemy release,resource availability have been suggested to explain the successful invasion mechanisms of exotic plant.Nevertheless,these hypotheses are mostly concentrated on the above ground communities including plants and herbivores.Recently,some studies confirm that the interaction between exotic plant invasion and soil microbial communities or endophyte of itself is one of the important mechanisms as well.This review summarizes the advances in the study on the microbial mechanisms associated with the plant invasion worldwide based on the mycorrhizal symbiosis,nitrogen-fixing symbiosis,escape from pathogens,structure and function of the soil microbial community and endophyte,and points out some problems and orientations which need to be further explored in the future work.Our purpose is to provide a basis for the prevention and control of plant invasion and the restoration of the disturbed ecosystems.