中文摘要：

许多物理实验证明了在铁电体材料切换的领域是有应力和电场的变化的领域墙的一个复杂进化过程。根据这机制，切换的领域的体积部分在陶器、使用的铁电体的组成的法律被介绍在这篇论文学习铁电体身体的非线性的组成的行为。静止全部的精力的原则在基本未知数量在哪个是排水量 u _i , 电的排水量 D _i 并且卷部分 ρ _我 为变体切换的域我。机械领域方程和交换标准的一个新领域从静止全部的精力的原则被获得。切换的标准在这篇论文建议了的域是精力标准的扩大和开发。根据交换标准的领域，为体积部分 ρ _我 领域，切换被获得，在哪个线性代数学的方程的系数仅仅包含未知种类和电场。然后一个单个领域机械模型在这篇论文被建议。poled 铁电体标本被看作一个横着各向同性的单个领域。由使用部分试验性的结果，在域切换和域切换的卷部分的驱动力之间的变硬的关系能被校准。然后，机电的反应能根据校准的变硬的关系被计算。结果包含电的蝴蝶轴的紧张对轴的电场的塑造的曲线，电的排水量的磁滞现象环对电走并且在装载的单轴的联合应力和电场下面在铁电体标本切换的域的进化进程。现在的理论上的预言相当同意，试验性的结果由林奇给。

英文摘要：

Many physical experiments have shown that the domain switching in a ferroelectric material is a complicated evolution process of the domain wall with the variation of stress and electric field. According to this mechanism, the volume fraction of the domain switching is introduced in the constitutive law of ferroelectric ceramic and used to study the nonlinear constitutive behavior of ferroelectric body in this paper. The principle of stationary total energy is put forward in which the basic unknown quantities are the displacement ui, electric displacement Di and volume fraction pI of the domain switching for the variant I. Mechanical field equation and a new domain switching criterion are obtained from the principle of stationary total energy. The domain switching criterion proposed in this paper is an expansion and development of the energy criterion. On the basis of the domain switching criterion, a set of linear algebraic equations for the volume fraction PI of domain switching is obtained, in which the coefficients of the linear algebraic equations only contain the unknown strain and electric fields. Then a single domain mechanical model is proposed in this paper. The poled ferroelectric specimen is considered as a transversely isotropic single domain. By using the partial experimental results, the hardening relation between the driving force of domain switching and the volume fraction of domain switching can be calibrated. Then the electromechanical response can be calculated on the basis of the calibrated hardening relation. The results involve the electric butterfly shaped curves of axial strain versus axial electric field, the hysteresis loops of electric displacement versus electric filed and the evo- lution process of the domain switching in the ferroelectric specimens under uniaxial coupled stress and electric field loading. The present theoretic prediction agrees reasonably with the experimental results given by Lynch.