中文摘要：

以硝酸镧和硝酸钴为原料,通过硬脂酸法制备了纳米LaCoO3。采用红外光谱、X射线衍射、透射电镜等测试手段对产物进行了表征,并用热分析法考察了不同含量的纳米LaCoO3对高氯酸铵热分解的催化作用。结果表明,在600℃下可获得结晶良好的钙钛矿型纳米LaCoO3,粒径约40-60 nm。纳米LaCoO3能强烈催化高氯酸铵的热分解,催化作用随着LaCoO3含量的增加而增强。添加5%的纳米LaCoO3可使高氯酸铵的高温分解温度下降116℃,分解放热量也由2%时的1390 J·g^-1增至1600 J·g^-1。

英文摘要：

In order to obtain a more effective catalyst for the ammonium perchlorate decomposition, LaCoO3 nanocrystals were prepared by stearic acid method, using La（NO3）3 and Co（NO3）2 as the starting materials. The as-prepared LaCoO3 nanocrystals were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy, and the catalytic performance of the LaCoO3 nanocrystals of different contents for the ammonium perchlorate decomposition was investigated by thermal analysis. The resuits indicate that LaCoO3 with pure perovskite structure can be synthesized at 600 ℃ by this procedure. With the calcination temperature rising, the peak intensified significantly and some peaks even split in half. This can be explained that the crystalline phase of LaCoO3 becomes more perfect with the calcination temperature. The LaCoO3 nanocrystals showed strong catalytic effect on the ammonium perchlorate decomposition. The catalytic effect was enhanced with the increase of content of LaCoO3 nanocrystals. Adding 2% of LaCoO3 nanocrystals decreased the higher temperature of ammonium perchlorate decomposition by 108 ℃ and increased the exothennic quantity of decomposition from 590 to 1390 j.g-X. When the content of LaCoO3 was increased to 5%, the higher temperature of ammonium perchlorate decomposition was decreased by 116℃, and the exothermic quantity of decomposition was increased to 1600 j·g^-1.