中文摘要：

新疆干旱区湖泊水资源变化受自然和人类活动的共同影响,湖泊面积收缩与扩展幅度大而频繁,引起一系列的区域环境问题。然而,不同时期或不同类型的湖泊受这两种因素影响的强度并不一致。在人类活动前,湖泊受气候因素控制,湖泊波动表现出一定的规律性。约6.5～8.0kaBP期间,艾比湖处于近一万年来的最高水位,湖面扩展,当时湖泊流域平均降水比现代高约22%,其他地区不同类型湖泊也处于高湖面时期。随后,在中世纪早期及小冰期前后也都出现了历时百年的气候湿润时期,艾比湖、罗布泊以及博斯腾湖等都处于相对较高的水位。人类活动影响以来,以20世纪六七十年代人为活动对湖泊水资源变化的影响最为强烈。新疆平原区湖泊出现大范围萎缩,艾比湖面积比1950s减少近400km2,罗布泊、台特玛湖以及玛纳斯湖等100km2以上的大湖快速干涸,而赛里木湖等山地湖泊变化相对稳定,受人类活动影响小,与相应的气候变化较一致。从长远分析,新疆湖泊水资源变化以自然因素影响为主,人类活动对湖泊的影响充当气候效应放大器的功能,即人类活动的结果放大了气候对湖泊变化的影响,使得湖泊的变化幅度加剧、频率增加。

英文摘要：

Both natural and artificial factors bring effects to lake water resources in the arid zone of Xinjiang.The considerable and frequent shrinkage and expansion of lakes may cause a series of regional environmental problems.However,the influence intensity of the factors on lake variations changes with time.The lake variations were mainly controlled by climatic factors before human society.During the period between 6.5 and 8.0 kaBP,the Ebinur Lake had reached the highest water level in a time span of almost ten thousand years.The average precipitation of the Ebinur drainage area was about 22%,higher than that of the present,and the lakes in other regions were also remained under a high water level.Around the time of Early Middle Ages and the Little Ice Age,humid climate had lasted for a hundred years.Some lakes,such as the Ebinur Lake,Lop Nur Lake,and Bosten Lake,had relative high water level.After the appearance of human society,the influences of human impact on water resources have increased.The strongest human impacts appeared in 1960s and 1970s.As the result,lakes shrank greatly in the plain area of Xinjiang.For example,the lake area of the Ebinur was decreased by about 400 km2 compared with that in 1950s.Some big lakes including the Lop Nur,Taitema and Manas Lakes,shrank at a size of 100 km2 or more or even dried up sometimes.The Sayram Lake and other mountain lakes,however,remain under the control of climatic factor.They were relatively stable and the changes in size were consistent with the climate change trend.In a long-term perspective,the lake water resources in Xinjiang are mainly influenced by natural factors,and human activities will amplify and accelerate the natural process and cause faster and more frequent lake variation.