中文摘要：

2008年7月和9月调查了我国蒙新高原12个湖泊的高等水生植物和大型底栖无脊椎动物,除阜康天池外皆采集到了水生植物和底栖动物.水生植物共有8科12种,优势种为芦苇和蓖齿眼子菜.底栖动物共鉴定出4门8纲26科64种（属）,优势类群为摇蚊和水丝蚓.乌梁素海的水生植物和底栖动物种类最丰富,分别为9种和35种（属）.乌梁素海和哈素海全湖都有水生植物分布,但其它湖泊仅分布在个别湖湾.不同湖泊间的底栖动物群落相似性很低.将蒙新地区湖泊湖区分为敞水区、沿岸带水生植物区和强劲湖流区.底栖动物在沿岸带水生植物区的多样性比敞水区高,优势集中性比敞水区低,而强劲湖流区无底栖动物.沿岸带水生植物区不同类型生境中的底栖动物群落相似性分析表明沉水植物密布、风生湖流微弱生境中的底栖动物最丰富,风生湖流强劲生境中无底栖动物.总体上,蒙新高原湖泊水生植物和底栖动物群落相似性较低,要保护湖泊生物多样性,建议对每个湖泊进行适当保护,重点保护风生湖流较弱的沉水植物区.

英文摘要：

Higher aquatic plants and benthic macroinvertebrates of 12 lakes located in Inner Mongolia-Xinjiang Plateau were investigated in July and September,2008.We have sampled aquatic macrophytes and benthic macroinvertebrates from the elevated 11 lakes,except for Lake Tianchi.A total of 12 species and 8 families of higher aquatic plants,and 64 macroinvertebrate taxa belonging to 26 families,8 classes and 4 phlums were found.Of which Phragmites australis and Potamogeton pectinatus were dominant plant populations,and Chironomus spp.and Limnodrilus spp.were dominant benthic taxa.Lake Wuliangsuhai had the highest species richness of 9 of aquatic macrophytes and of 35 of benthic macroinvertebrates.Aquatic macrophytes were distributed in whole lakes in Lake Wuliangsuhai and Lake Hasuhai,but in other lakes they occurred only in some bays.The similarity of benthic macroinvertebrate faunas in 10 lakes was low （Stress value=0.11）.Benthos biodiversity in coastal macrophytes area was significantly higher than that in open water area.However,the dominant concentration in coastal macrophytes area was significantly lower than that in open water area.No benthos was found in the strong current water.Community similarity analysis of benthos in different habitats of coastal plant area indicated that the habitat of dense submerged plants area and weak lake current area had the highest abundance of benthic fauna,while the strong lake current area had no benthic animals.In general,the species similarity of both aquatic plant communities and benthic macroinvertebrate faunas were low in the lakes in Inner Mongolia-Xinjiang Plateau.Our results suggested that the coastal plant area,especially the weak lake current and submerged plant area,is key area to protect in whole lake system.