中文摘要：

2004年5月31日至8月31日在陕西省佛坪县国家级自然保护区，对羚牛秦岭亚种（Budorcas taxicolor bedfordi）的繁殖行为及雄牛的社会状态进行了研究。研究期间每天在比较容易见到羚牛的区域内沿固定路线寻找羚牛，在不惊扰羚牛正常活动的情况下，记录牛群大小、群内个体的性别、年龄、雄性的社会状态，即是单独活动还是在繁殖群中；社会状态的变动，即每只是进入还是离开繁殖群；羚牛群中个体之间的相互关系，包括人群的独牛与群内其它雄牛之问的行为、与群内雌牛之间的行为。同时用摄像机辅助记录羚牛在群内的行为，并根据图像资料对记录的数据进行校正。研究期间累计对277头次雄性羚牛的繁殖行为进行了观察，记录到241次繁殖行为。虽然6月初至8月下旬都可以见到羚牛的繁殖活动，但80％以上的繁殖行为发生在6月20日至7月10日期间，其中以6月21～30日间的繁殖活动最多（105次）。繁殖季节中雄性羚牛有两种社会状态，即在繁殖群中和单独活动（即独牛）。研究期间累计的独牛比例占成年雄性的30．32％，其中72．62％的独牛出现在6月10日至7月10日。6月21—30日间独牛比例最高，占成年雄性个体的50．67％。雄牛进出繁殖群的现象比较常见，独牛的比例与繁殖行为正相关。繁殖高峰期后，单独活动的雄牛数量迅速减少。雄牛的社会状态会随着繁殖期的不同阶段发生改变，独牛在不同繁殖群之间移动寻求更多的交配机会。我们的研究结果不支持以往认为独牛是繁殖争斗失败者的观点。

英文摘要：

The relationship between rutting behavior and social status of the males of Golden takin （ Budorcas taxicolor bedfordi） was conducted at Foping National Nature Reserve during mating season May 31 to August 26, 2004. Rutting behaviors of males mentioned here including watching, female chasing, sniff and flehmen, mounting, ritualized fighting/fighting, and social status of male here was either in breeding herd or in solitary. Effort locating takins was made in transects along ridge of the peaks above 2 d00 m in elevation. Whenever, animal was encountered the following data were recorded, age and sex, group size and component, social status of males, mutual behaviors of male/male, male/female, and any events after male entering or out of group. In the meanwhile, we recorded behavior of males in breeding groups. Data were summarized by every ten days. Total of 277 males were recorded and 28l times of rutting behaviors of males were recorded. The maximum number of rutting behaviors （ 105 times） was observed during 10 days between 21 and 30 of June. However, over 80% of total rutting behaviors were accumulatively occurred with in 20 days from May 21 to July 10. Solitary males were accumulatively as many as 30. 32% during the whole rutting season, however, 72. 62% of them occurred in the duration of June 10 to July 10. The peak of solitary males （50. 67% ） presented between 21 and 30 of June. The proportion of solitary males was significantly related to the rutting behaviors. This relationship may indicate that male initiatives to be solitary and move between breeding groups to seek more mating opportunities in breeding season. Our data does not support the opinion that solitary male was the loser in mating contests.