中文摘要：

Embryonic stem(ES)cells are widely used for different purposes,including gene targeting,cell therapy,tissue repair,organ regeneration,and so on.However,studies and applications of ES cells are hindered by ethical issues regarding cell sources.To circumvent ethical disputes,great efforts have been taken to generate ES cell-like cells,which are not derived from the inner cell mass of blastocyst-stage embryos.In 2006,Yamanaka et al.first reprogrammed mouse embryonic fibroblasts into ES cell-like cells called induced pluripotent stem(iPS)cells.About one year later,Yamanaka et al.and Thomson et al.independently reprogrammed human somatic cells into iPS cells.Since the first generation of iPS cells,they have now been derived from quite a few different kinds of cell types.In particular,the use of peripheral blood facilitates research on iPS cells because of safety,easy availability,and plenty of cell sources.Now iPS cells have been used for cell therapy,disease modeling,and drug discovery.In this review,we describe the generations,applications,potential issues,and future perspectives of iPS cells.

英文摘要：

Embryonic stem （ES） cells are widely used for different purposes, including gene targeting, celltherapy, tissue repair, organ regeneration, and so on. However, studies and applications of ES cells are hindered by ethical issues regarding cellsources. To circumvent ethical disputes, great efforts have been taken to generate ES cel-like cells, which are not derived from the inner cellmass of blastocyst-stage embryos. In 2006, Yamanaka et al. first re-programmed mouse embryonic fibroblasts into ES cell-like cells cal ed induced pluripotent stem （iPS） cells. About one year later, Yamanaka et al. and Thomson et al. independently reprogrammed human somatic cells into iPS cells. Since the first generation of iPS cells, they have now been derived from quite a few different kinds of celltypes. In particular, the use of peripheral blood facilitates research on iPS cells because of safety, easy availability, and plenty of cellsources. Now iPS cells have been used for celltherapy, disease modeling, and drug discovery. In this review, we describe the generations, applications, potential issues, and future perspectives of iPS cells.