中文摘要：

抑郁症患者负性认知加工偏向是导致抑郁的一个主要认知因素，是抑郁症的一个稳定特质。这种偏向与对负性情绪刺激自下而上的情绪加工增强有关，表现为杏仁核和梭状回等脑区过度激活；也与自上而下的认知控制功能不足有关，表现为背外侧前额皮质、前扣带回等脑区活性不足。文章在前人研究基础上，提出了关于抑郁症情绪加工与认知控制脑机制的一个理论假说，即抑郁症的产生是由于抑郁症患者情绪加工脑区过度激活与认知控制脑区功能降低之间的相互作用而形成的恶性循环所介导。目前证明此理论假说在研究内容、研究材料、研究技术等方面还存在一些问题，这些可能是未来研究的方向。

英文摘要：

Depression is characterized by a negativity bias which is a stable factor of it. The bias reflects enhanced bottom-up responses to affective stimuli, linked to deficits in amygdala and fusiform gyrus function. Alternatively, the bias also reflects impaired top-down cognitive control, linked to deficits in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate function. A new hypothesis that the occurrence of depression is caused by interaction of increased activity in affecfive brain regions and deficits in cognitive-control brain regions was brought forward. To prove the hypothesis, there are still some important questions to be answered, which might be the direction of future studies.