中文摘要：

目的通过静息态功能磁共振成像（rsfMRI）技术和局部一致性（regional homogeneity,ReHo）分析方法,探讨抑郁症患者基础状态下自发神经活动特点及脑功能变化。方法选取年龄、性别和文化程度匹配的10例抑郁症患者和13例正常对照组被试,采用DPARSF软件进行静息态功能数据的预处理,计算两组被试全脑的ReHo值。采用SPM5软件对两组全脑ReHo值进行基于体素的组间比较,考察抑郁症患者和正常对照组静息状态脑功能差异。结果与正常对照组相比,抑郁症患者存在涉及顶叶、颞叶和边缘叶等多个认知控制和情绪加工相关脑区的自发神经活动异常,其中右侧丘脑、左侧下顶叶、缘上回、右侧小脑、右侧顶内沟和右侧齿状回表现出功能一致性增强（P〈0.01）,中脑和右侧后扣带回功能一致性减弱（P〈0.01）。结论抑郁症患者存在多个脑区的静息态功能一致性异常,这些区域多与认知控制和情绪加工有关。

英文摘要：

Objective To examine spontaneous neuronal activity（SNA） and brain function alteration of major depression patients with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging（rsfMRI） and regional homogeneity（ReHo） analysis.Methods Ten major depression patients and thirteen healthy controls,matched for age,sex and education,were enrolled and scanned with rsfMRI.The rsfMRI data were preprocessed and calculated to obtain whole brain ReHo values with DPARSF software.The raw ReHo values were subjected to t-test of two independent samples with SPM5 software.Results Compared with controls,major depression patients had abnormal SNA in several brain regions related to cognitive control and emotional processing,including the parietal lobe,temporal lobe and limbic lobe.ReHo increase was observed in the right thalamus,left inferior parietal lobe,supramarginal gyrus,right cerebellum,right intraparietal sulcus,and right fusiform gyrus（P0.01）,and ReHo decrease was observed in the midbrain and right posterior cingulate gyrus（P0.01）.Conclusion Abnormal resting-state functional connectivity exists in several brain regions of major depression patients.These regions are associated with cognitive control and emotional processing.