中文摘要：

吴起县退耕还林（草）政策经过8a的实施取得了显著成效。项目实施区生态环境得到明显改善，农业综合生产能力得到很大的提高，农民通过退耕补助得以直接增收，为形成面对农户的生态补偿制度探索了经验。然而政策实施过程中仍然存在着诸如退耕地块分布和林分结构不合理，草畜业发展滞后，牧草资源利用率不高，退耕政策不够灵活，补偿标准缺乏弹性等问题。建议在以后退耕政策中注重加强规划指导，合理确定退耕范围，在生态补偿制度框架下优化退耕补助标准，通过深化土地产权改革，促进退耕土地合理流转和规模化经营，继续推动农业后续产业发展，巩固退耕成果。

英文摘要：

The 8 year implementation of the policies of converting cultivated land into forestland/grassland in Wuqi County has showed considerable effects. The environment of project area is improved, the integration production capacity of agriculture is enhanced, and farmers＇ income is raised through land subsidy. Furthermore, the practice in the county may be the prelude of a formal system of ecological compensation toward Chinese farmers. However, there are some problems in practice. For instance, the distribution and plant structure of converted lands are not in an optimal state, the efficiency of stock raising sustained by grass resources develops slowly, and the implementation of policies lacks necessary flexibility. This paper suggests that the policies should be further improved though enhancing the guidance of landuse plan, confirming the bound of converted land reasonably, and optimizing the ecological compensation. Moreover, boosting reform of standards of land subsidy according to the principle of land property right, promoting reasonable land circulation and its scale management, and developing subsequent agricultural industries are also the urgent affairs.