中文摘要：

据世界卫生组织（WHO）报道，全世界约有20亿人曾感染过乙型肝炎病毒（HBV），其中3．5亿人为慢性HBV感染者．我国现有1．3亿乙肝病毒携带者和3000多万乙肝患者，其中约有20％-40％的患者经过多年慢性炎症的反复发作可发展为肝硬化和肝癌．然而，至今人们仍没有找到一种能够彻底治愈慢性乙肝的特效药物．自从RNA干扰（RNA interference，RNAi）技术建立以来，人们致力于将其应用于抗病毒药物的研究与开发．研究结果表明，RNAi可有效地抑制乙肝病毒的复制，但靶向目的基因的不同RNA干扰片段所沉默的效率不同．关于将RNAi抗病毒药物应用于人体治疗的安全性和有效性还有待进一步研究，RNAi发生“脱靶”的现象是临床应用的难点之一．

英文摘要：

According to the report from World Health Organization （WHO）, about two billion people worldwide have been infected with hepatitis B virus （HBV）, of which 350 million people with chronic HBV infection. Now China has 130 million HBV carriers and 30 million patients suffered from hepatitis B. About 20 % -40% of patients after years of inflammatory damage may develop into liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. Even today, however, people still have not found a specific drug that can completely cure chronic hepatitis B. Since the phenomenon of RNA interference （RNAi） was discovered, people have been constantly trying to apply it to the anti-viral drug research and development. Findings show that RNAi can indeed inhibit the replication of HBV. However, the efficiency of gene silencing varies considerably due to the different sequences of RNAi. In addition, the safety and effectiveness of RNAi-based antiviral drugs tested on humans still need to be further investigated. And the ＂off target＂ phenomenon of RNAi is another problem that must be resolved before its clinical trial.